Interviews/Neeru Khosla
Interview with Neeru Khosla
Advisory Board Member
ED, Cofounder CK12
Background and introduction
I am a big fan of Wikipedia as you can see from our committing money to them (Wikimedia). We were one
of the few people who stepped forward and gave. When Sue came to San Francisco, we starting meeting
regularly and had real interesting conversations about Wikipedia. And that really got me thinking more
about Wikipedia.
For me, Wikipedia is a very useful tool. It’s a common platform, it’s free, and there are no artificial
barriers such as cost. One can go in and go out with what you need. Of course whatever I am saying is
nothing new. It’s collaborative and communityowned, a place for people to express their own knowledge.
Just because one is not a PhD doesn’t mean that one doesn’t have knowledge. That’s the spirit, and
that’s an admirable spirit. That kind of philosophy when it started (and still to some extent) is rare for the
rest of the world. “Expertise” is still seen as onesidedpeerreviewed material. This kind of ideology
forces us not to fall for the not having credentials as barriers to entry. Somebody who has a BA/MA can’t
be your peer if you are a PhD.
We know that this is not true today. We know (and I am going to give the usual examples) if you think
about Steve Jobs and Bill Gates, they’re dropouts! And yet……There are many people who are brilliant,
and may even know as much or more as a person with PhD. How can we use the work of these people?
There are mechanisms in place that allow for passionbased as well as informal learning so why not
contribution from all? We all know now that Wikipedia was the answer to leveling these barriers. As long
as you can contribute and your contribution is deemed correct and contextual you can participate.
What are the big issues facing Wikipedia today?
1. Believe it or not the issue of quality control is still a big one. To be honest, many other web
based sites are facing that one issue. For example the Wikipedia Advisory Board recently had a
long discussion about that when the issues with biographies of live people came up. These
people can actually tell you what is right or wrong about their information on Wikipedia! So how
do you ensure that Wikipedia does not get it wrong?
2. Credibility
The quality control issue—was easy to control when Wikipedia was smaller. But when
we have so many users and contributors, how do we control the perception that the people
involved have credibility?
3. Differences in opinions
“Bush compromised USA,” says one post. “Bush is great,” says another.
It’s just opinions and differing viewpoints. Who is correct? Under what conditions does this
apply? I know that Wikipedia provides a discussion tab to have conversation about these
opinions but could there be another place that differences in opinions are collected in an
academic as well as a neutral manner? Could you provide two versions of the same issue
together – is there climate warming or not?
What will Wikipedia need to focus on in the future?
1. How to keep contributors interested:
a. The plateau in contributions makes me think about reasons for that? Is it because people
have reached the limit of what they want to write about? Or have more users taken over
the contributors? And so on.
b. Does the user interface make contributions and eventually usage difficult?
c. Does Wikipedia have consistency of development/code? I don’t know what kind of
effects many people contributing to the code create. Is the code too fragmented to be
cohesive?
2. It is not easy to work with the interface; there is too much information and notices. Need new
features to keep up with the changing times: embedding multimedia, developing tools for working
with multimedia.
3. Then the next question is Is there a limit to free? Who is going to pay for the upkeep of the
website, the use cost and so on.
Why does Wikipedia need money?
The reality is they’ve reached the point where they need money for managing the daytoday activities
and other things like data management cost.
How does Wikipedia become a “paid resource” without a negative impact on volunteers?
That’s the question right now. I have had a number of experts and business people tell me for my own
foundation that the solution is a parallel forprofit initiative that makes money. So what is it that Wikipedia
could do to keep the initial mission in place? Can they create a forprofit entity that does not clash with
the mission of Wikipedia yet pays into the maintenance as well as innovation at Wikipedia? Would this
impact the mission of the organization? I would hate for Wikipedia to compromise their mission like many
nonprofits that drop some of the mission they started to keep costs in place. My impression is that these
changes can be costly as this mission drift and changes in value propositions cause fading away.
So how do you sustain one of the top 5 sites? The only thing that comes to mind at this point is donations
or parallel moneyearning initiative. In a parallel initiative you can maintain the main goals of Wikipedia
but give people a subscription model where they can get a more modified version with advanced features
and subscription models to deliver information to their computers that they ask for. Almost like a
magazine.
Is there a limit to growth?
I believe that there’s always a cap to a market size and then you have to change something. Are we
approaching that market size?
What do you think about China, India, and other places where there is underpenetration?
With these countries there is an issue with different languages. People say we should convert into
different languages. Let’s talk about, say, African languages. There isn’t a word for a lot of scientific terms
in those languages. How do you translates those terms and have context for the people? There isn’t a
word for bus for Hindi, for example. We just adopted the word “bus.” But first we had to understand what
the word bus meant and put it into context. That’s a practical barrier.
What challenges would Wikimedia have in entering the OER space?
In a sense Wikipedia is already an OER. Wikipedia should already be used by higher ed students. K12
is a very different story. You need to penetrate a market that is very regulated. No matter how I feel
about my kid’s education, it’s shaped by context. You need special technical features for OER for K12 –
gradealignment, standardsalignment for example.
The problem with Wikimedia is that it might need to standardize its formatting. The Wiki is a particular
syntax, and teachers are not particularly savvy about that so you might need to make it even simpler.
To what extent is the platform a barrier?
1. I’ll tell you something—when I realized that I need to know Wiki syntax, I just lost interest. I ask
myself, why do I need to do this? When the PCs first became available you had to park the drive
before you shut the computer down. It was very irritating. Now things have evolved and PCs are
easier to use. Wikipedia needs to keep developing to make it easier to use.
2. Search is a huge issue when it comes to easy of use. When I don’t find things I need, I get
disinterested and leave. Of course I am talking from the perspective of a novice user.
How fast enough can the platform evolve?
Murugan and I always argue, if you need development done, open the source code. I am not completely
convinced. When there are so many issues, you have to wait and are at the mercy of many people.
When there is need, someone will fix it. I don’t think that that way of working will bring on fast
development.
Can Wikipedia keep going on like this?
Wikipedia didn’t have a printing capability until recently. It works,
and it’s Erik’s pride and joy. I think somehow, you should have a strategic development of the platform.
Maybe that’s the next evolution for development – a timeline – or a strategic plan. Perhaps that way
people who contribute can know how important something is.
How could Wikipedia raise money?
I’ve advised Sue on some of this. You continually have to come up with gimmicks, it seems. So here are
three models that I can think about
1. Raising money from friends and family of Wikipedia.
2. When you become so big as Wikipedia has, can/should the government take over some or most
of the funding?
3. Could we follow public broadcasting model? We could let each little “Wikination” raise their funds
and it can happen on the same day such that there is “Wikifest” for raising money.
Any last thoughts?
K12 is another market that Wikipedia needs to penetrate. But has to be done thoughtfully – maybe the
teachers can be encouraged to have their students find mistakes and change them as a first step!